Correction & Retraction

PUBLICATION INTEGRITY

Correction & Retraction

Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (JUPAUD)

Policy and procedures for correcting, retracting, or expressing concern about published scholarly content while maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record.

Policy Statement

JUPAUD is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. Published articles constitute part of the permanent scholarly literature and should remain accessible while any significant correction or retraction is clearly documented.

When an error, omission, ethical concern, research misconduct issue, or other problem affecting a published article is identified, the journal will assess the matter carefully and determine the appropriate editorial action.

Corrections and retractions are handled transparently and independently of commercial considerations. The purpose of these actions is to protect readers, authors, researchers, and the integrity of the scholarly record.

1. Correction

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A correction may be issued when an error in a published article affects the accuracy, clarity, completeness, or understanding of the article but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions.

Examples may include:

incorrect author information;
incorrect affiliation or correspondence information;
typographical or factual errors;
incorrect figures, tables, labels, or captions;
errors in references or bibliographic information;
errors in formulas, calculations, or reported values that do not invalidate the principal conclusions; and
other substantive errors that can be corrected without invalidating the article as a whole.

The decision to publish a correction is made after editorial assessment of the nature and significance of the identified error.

2. Retraction

Retraction is used when a published article is determined to be sufficiently unreliable that the scholarly record should clearly identify the article as retracted.

Possible reasons for retraction include, but are not limited to:

unreliable or invalid research data;
fabrication or falsification of data;
serious plagiarism or substantial unattributed copying;
duplicate or redundant publication;
major methodological errors that invalidate the findings or conclusions;
substantial manipulation of figures, images, or research materials;
serious ethical violations involving research participants;
undisclosed conflicts or other circumstances that materially compromise the reliability of the published work; or
other serious issues that make the published findings unreliable.

Retraction does not necessarily imply intentional misconduct by the authors. An article may require retraction because of an honest error when that error substantially affects the reliability of the published work.

3. Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be published when serious concerns exist about the reliability or integrity of a published article, but the available evidence is not yet sufficient for a final correction or retraction.

This may occur while the journal seeks clarification from the authors, institutions, research organizations, or other relevant parties.

An Expression of Concern is not itself a retraction. It serves to alert readers that a significant issue is being investigated. When sufficient evidence becomes available, the journal may subsequently publish a correction, retraction, or other appropriate editorial notice.

4. Who May Request a Correction or Retraction?

Concerns may be brought to the attention of JUPAUD by:

authors or co-authors;
readers;
reviewers;
editors or editorial board members;
research institutions;
funding organizations;
research participants or other affected parties; or
other individuals with relevant and credible evidence.

Notifications should provide sufficient information and, where possible, supporting evidence that allows the editorial team to evaluate the concern.

5. Editorial Assessment Procedure

Receipt of Concern: The editorial office records and reviews the reported concern.
Preliminary Assessment: The editor assesses whether the concern appears credible and relevant to the integrity or accuracy of the published article.
Evidence Review: Available documentation, article content, editorial records, and other relevant information may be examined.
Author Contact: Where appropriate, the authors may be invited to provide an explanation, clarification, correction, or supporting evidence.
Institutional Contact: When appropriate, the journal may contact the relevant institution or research organization, particularly in cases involving potential research misconduct.
Editorial Decision: The editor determines the appropriate action based on the available evidence and applicable publication ethics principles.
Publication of Notice: Where required, the journal publishes a correction, retraction, or Expression of Concern and links the notice to the affected article.

6. Correction Notice

A published correction should clearly identify the article being corrected and explain the nature of the correction.

A correction notice should, where applicable, contain:

the article title;
author name(s);
journal, volume, issue, and publication information;
DOI or other persistent identifier;
a description of the error;
the corrected information; and
the date of the correction.

The correction notice should be electronically linked to the original article so that readers can readily identify the relationship between the article and the correction.

7. Retraction Notice

A retraction notice should clearly identify the article and explain why it has been retracted.

The notice should, where applicable, include:

the article title;
author name(s);
journal, volume, issue, and publication information;
DOI or other persistent identifier;
the reason for retraction;
the date of retraction;
the party or authority issuing the retraction; and
other information necessary to explain the editorial action.

Retraction notices should be clearly linked to the original article and should remain part of the publicly accessible scholarly record.

8. Article Record After Retraction

A retracted article will not ordinarily be silently removed from the journal's archive. The original scholarly record should remain identifiable, with a clear indication that the article has been retracted.

The retraction status should be visible to readers and appropriately connected to the article's bibliographic record.

Where technically and editorially appropriate, the article's title, authors, DOI, publication information, and retraction notice should remain discoverable so that readers and indexing services can distinguish the original publication from its retraction status.

9. No Silent Alteration of the Scholarly Record

JUPAUD will not silently modify a published article in a manner that conceals a substantive post-publication change.

When a published article requires a substantive correction, the journal will maintain an appropriate editorial record of the change through a correction, retraction, or other formal notice as applicable.

10. Honest Errors

Honest errors do not automatically constitute research misconduct. However, an honest error that materially affects the validity or reliability of a published article may require a correction or retraction.

The editorial decision will focus on the reliability and integrity of the published scholarly record rather than assuming intent or assigning blame without sufficient evidence.

11. Retraction for Research Misconduct

Where credible evidence indicates potential fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, unethical research, duplicate publication, or other serious publication misconduct, JUPAUD may investigate the matter and take appropriate editorial action.

Where appropriate, the journal may cooperate with the authors' institution, research organization, funding body, or other relevant authority.

Editorial action may proceed independently where the published record is sufficiently unreliable and action is necessary to protect readers and the integrity of the literature.

12. Author Cooperation

Authors are expected to cooperate reasonably with editorial investigations concerning errors, corrections, research integrity, and potential retractions.

Authors may be asked to provide clarification, supporting documentation, corrected information, or other evidence relevant to the editorial assessment.

13. Appeals and Author Responses

Authors may communicate relevant evidence or raise a reasoned concern about an editorial decision concerning correction or retraction.

Any appeal or response should identify the specific issue and provide supporting evidence where available.

The final editorial decision should be based on the evidence, publication ethics principles, and protection of the integrity of the scholarly record.

14. Post-Publication Discussion

JUPAUD recognizes that scholarly discussion may identify errors or concerns after publication. Readers and researchers are encouraged to communicate credible concerns to the editorial office.

Relevant post-publication concerns will be assessed according to the journal's publication ethics procedures and may result in correction, retraction, Expression of Concern, or no editorial action depending on the evidence.

15. Correction or Retraction of Metadata

When an article's bibliographic or metadata information is found to be incorrect, JUPAUD may correct the relevant metadata while maintaining an appropriate record of the change where necessary.

Metadata corrections may include author names, affiliations, article title, publication information, DOI-related information, keywords, abstracts, or other bibliographic fields.

Where article metadata has been distributed to indexing or discovery services, the journal should make reasonable efforts to ensure that corrected information is supplied through the applicable metadata update mechanisms.

16. Digital and Persistent Record

Correction, retraction, and Expression of Concern notices should be connected to the affected article through the journal's online publishing system and, where applicable, persistent identifiers such as DOI.

This approach helps readers distinguish the original publication from subsequent editorial actions and supports the transparency of the scholarly record.

17. Editorial Independence

Decisions concerning correction, retraction, or Expressions of Concern are editorial decisions based on scholarly and ethical considerations.

Commercial interests, publication fees, institutional relationships, or other non-scholarly considerations must not determine whether a correction or retraction is issued.

18. Decision Framework

Situation	Possible Action	Purpose
Minor or substantive error that does not invalidate the article	Correction	Correct the published record
Serious concern, but evidence is not yet conclusive	Expression of Concern	Alert readers while investigation continues
Published work is substantially unreliable	Retraction	Clearly identify the publication as unreliable

Publication Ethics Framework

JUPAUD's editorial and publication practices are guided by the core principles and best practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and internationally recognized principles of transparency and best practice in scholarly publishing.

Authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher share responsibility for protecting the integrity of the scholarly record.